Transformers: Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. First released on June 23, 2011, it is the third installment of the live-action Transformers film series. Like its predecessors, Transformers and Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Transformers: Dark of the Moon is directed by Michael Bay and produced by Steven Spielberg. The film's story is set three years after the events of the second film, with the Autobots,
during their collaboration with the NEST (Networked Elements:
Supporters and Transformers) military force, discovering a hidden alien
technology in possession of humans, which had been found by Apollo 11 on the Moon 42 years prior. However, the Decepticons unveil a plan to use the technology to enslave Humanity in order to bring back Cybertron, the home planet of the Transformers.
Shia LaBeouf, Josh Duhamel, Tyrese Gibson, and John Turturro reprised their starring roles, with Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving returning as the voices of Optimus Prime and Megatron, and Kevin Dunn and Julie White reprising their roles as the parents of the main protagonist, Sam Witwicky. English model Rosie Huntington-Whiteley replaced Megan Fox as the lead female character; the cast also saw the additions of Patrick Dempsey, John Malkovich, Ken Jeong, and Frances McDormand. This installment of the franchise, which director Bay originally announced would be his last, welcomed Keith Szarabajka, Ron Bottitta, John DiMaggio, George Coe, Francesco Quinn, James Remar, Greg Berg, and veteran science-fiction actor Leonard Nimoy to the voice cast. The script was written by Ehren Kruger, who also collaborated on the narrative of the second film of the series. Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras, with filming locations in Chicago, Florida, Indiana, Moscow, and Washington, D.C.. The film was rendered specifically for 3-D, and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render.
In May 2011, it was announced that Paramount Pictures would move Transformers: Dark of the Moon's
release date of July 1 to June 29 in order to monitor an early response
to footage. Exclusive early premieres in select 3-D and IMAX theaters took place June 28 2011, one night before worldwide release in 2-D and 3-D (including IMAX 3D) formats--each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound.
Critical reception of the film was mixed to negative, with several critics calling it better than Revenge of the Fallen and praising the film's visuals and 3D action sequences, but criticizing its writing, acting, and length. Dark of the Moon grossed $1.12 billion worldwide, and is currently the fourth highest-grossing film of all time, the second highest grossing film of 2011 (behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2), the highest grossing film in the Transformers series, and the tenth film to gross over $1 billion. The film was nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 84th Academy Awards. A sequel to the film, directed once again by Michael Bay, is scheduled for release in June 2014.
Plot
In 1961, the Ark, a Cybertronian spacecraft carrying an invention capable of ending the war between the philanthropic Autobots and the malevolent Decepticons, crash lands on the dark side of Earth's Moon. The crash is detected on Earth by NASA, and President John F. Kennedy authorizes a mission to put a man on the Moon as a cover for investigating the craft. In 1969, the crew of Apollo 11 lands on the Moon.
In the present, the Autobots assist the United States military in preventing conflicts around the globe. During a mission to Chernobyl, to investigate suspected alien technology, Optimus Prime finds a fuel cell from the Ark, discovering that it had survived its journey from Cybertron. The Autobots are attacked by Shockwave, who manages to escape. After learning of the top-secret mission to the Moon, the Autobots travel there to explore the Ark. They discover a comatose Sentinel Prime – Optimus' predecessor as leader of the Autobots – and the Pillars he created as a means of establishing a Space Bridge between two points to teleport matter. After returning to Earth, Optimus uses the energy of his Matrix of Leadership to revive Sentinel Prime.
Meanwhile, Sam Witwicky
is frustrated that he is unable to work with the Autobots and is
failing to find a job. He also becomes envious of the close relationship
between his new girlfriend, Carly Spencer, and her boss Dylan Gould. After finding work, Sam is provided information by his eccentric co-worker Jerry Wang about the Ark, before Jerry is assassinated by the Decepticon Laserbeak. Sam contacts the now-independently wealthy Seymour Simmons, and together they realize that the Decepticons and their leader, Megatron, are murdering people connected to the American and Russian space missions to the Ark.
They locate two surviving Russian cosmonauts, who reveal satellite
photos of hundreds of Pillars being stockpiled on the Moon. Sam realizes
that the Decepticons raided the Ark long before the Autobots'
mission and intentionally left Sentinel and five Pillars behind to lure
the Autobots into a trap – Sentinel being the key to activating the
Pillars and the Decepticons lacking the means to revive him. The
Autobots rush to return Sentinel to their base for protection but
Sentinel betrays them and kills the Autobot Ironhide, revealing he had made a deal with Megatron to ensure the survival of the Cybertronian race.
Sentinel uses the Pillars to transport hundreds of concealed
Decepticons from the Moon to Earth, and Carly is captured by Gould, who
is revealed to be in the service of the Decepticons. The Autobots are
exiled from Earth at the demand of the Decepticons to avoid war, but as
their ship leaves Earth it is destroyed by Megatron's second-in-command,
Starscream,
seemingly killing the Autobots. The Decepticons, led by Megatron and
Sentinel, seize Chicago as their agents place Pillars around the world.
Gould reveals to Carly that the Decepticons plan to transport their
homeworld of Cybertron to the Milky Way, then to enslave humanity and
use Earth's resources to rebuild their world. Sam teams with USAF Chief
Robert Epps to go into Chicago to save Carly, but they are nearly
killed by Decepticon forces before the Autobots intervene, revealing
they concealed themselves during the launch of their ship to convince
the Decepticons they were destroyed.
Working together, the Autobots and human soldiers manage to rescue Carly and destroy Laserbeak, Soundwave, Barricade,
Starscream, and Shockwave, with Optimus using Shockwave's arm-cannon to
blast the Control Pillar, disabling the Space Bridge. Sam confronts
Gould as he reactivates the Control Pillar, and knocks Gould into the
Pillar, fatally electrocuting him. Bumblebee and Ratchet arrive and
destroy the Control Pillar, permanently disabling the Bridge and causing
the partially transported Cybertron to implode. Optimus and Sentinel
fight while Carly convinces Megatron that he will be replaced as leader
of the Decepticons by Sentinel. Sentinel severs Optimus' right arm, and
is about to execute him when Megatron intervenes, incapacitating
Sentinel. Megatron invokes Optimus for a truce, having the desire to
become the one-in-charge again. Optimus attacks Megatron, knowing
Megatron's true intentions, decapitating and killing him. Sentinel
pleads for his life but Optimus executes him too, for betraying his own
principles. With the Decepticons defeated, Carly and Sam are reunited
and the Autobots accept that with Cybertron gone, Earth is now their
home.
Cast
Main article: List of characters in Transformers (film series)
- Humans
- Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky, a recent college graduate who is once again tied to the fate of Earth's survival.
- Rosie Huntington-Whiteley as Carly Spencer, Sam's new love interest.
- Tyrese Gibson as USAF Chief Robert Epps, former NEST major who now works at a space shuttle.
- Josh Duhamel as U.S. Army Lt. Colonel William Lennox, the captain of the classified strike team NEST – an international taskforce battling Decepticons with the Autobots.
- John Turturro as Seymour Simmons, a former agent of the terminated Sector 7 unit who is now a professional writer.
- Patrick Dempsey as Dylan Gould, a wealthy car collector and employer of Carly Spencer who is secretly in cahoots with Megatron.
- Kevin Dunn as Ron Witwicky, Sam's father.
- Julie White as Judy Witwicky, Sam's mother.
- John Malkovich as Bruce Brazos, Sam's employer and boss at Accuretta Systems.
- Frances McDormand as Charlotte Mearing, the Director of National Intelligence.
- Lester Speight as "Hardcore" Eddie, a former member of NEST.
- Alan Tudyk as Dutch, Agent Simmons' personal assistant.
- Ken Jeong as Jerry "Deep" Wang, a paranoid software programmer at Sam's work.
- Glenn Morshower as General Morshower, leader of NEST, who communicates with the squad in the Pentagon.
- Buzz Aldrin appears as himself, meeting Optimus Prime at the NEST headquarters.
- Bill O'Reilly appears as himself, interviewing Agent Simmons through his television program The O'Reilly Factor.
- Elya Baskin as Cosmonaut Dimitri, one of the two surviving Russian cosmonauts who gives Sam information on the Moon missions.
- Transformers
- Peter Cullen as Optimus Prime, leader of the Autobots and keeper of the Matrix of Leadership.
- Hugo Weaving as Megatron, leader of the Decepticons, who is still badly wounded from the final battle of Revenge of the Fallen.
- Leonard Nimoy as Sentinel Prime, Optimus Prime's predecessor as the leader of the Autobots who transforms into a red and black Rosenbauer Panther Fire Truck. He was also a mentor to Optimus.
- Jess Harnell as Ironhide, the Autobots' cantankerous weapons specialist.
- Charlie Adler as Starscream, Megatron's second-in-command.
- Robert Foxworth as Ratchet, the Autobots' medical officer.
- James Remar as Sideswipe, the Autobots' combat instructor who transforms into a silver Chevrolet Corvette Stingray Concept Convertible.
- Francesco Quinn as Dino/Mirage, an Autobot Spy who transforms into a red Ferrari 458 Italia. This was Quinn's final role before his death shortly after the film was released.
- George Coe as Que/Wheeljack, an Autobot scientist who invents gadgets, equipment, and weapons who transforms into a blue Mercedes-Benz E550.
- Tom Kenny as Wheelie, a former Decepticon drone turned Autobot lackey.
- Reno Wilson as Brains, Wheelie's partner and a fellow former Decepticon drone.
- Frank Welker as Shockwave, an emotionless but fierce Decepticon; Soundwave, the Decepticons' communication officer, and Barricade a Decepticon who transforms into a Police Car.
- Ron Bottitta as Amp/Roadbuster, one of the three Wreckers. He transforms into a Dale Earnhardt, Jr. #88 AMP Energy/National Guard car.
- John DiMaggio as Target/Leadfoot, the leader of the Wreckers. He transforms into a Juan Pablo Montoya #42 Target car.
- Keith Szarabajka as Laserbeak, a condor-like Decepticon who is fiercely loyal to Soundwave.
- Greg Berg as Igor, a deformed Decepticon who serves as a personal servant to Megatron in his exile.
- Jim Wood as Crowbar, one of the members of the Dreads.
Production
Development
As a preemptive measure before the release of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Michael Lucchi and Paramount Pictures announced on March 16, 2009, that a third film would be released in IMAX 3D on July 1, 2011, which earned a surprised response from director Michael Bay:
I said I was taking off a year from Transformers. Paramount made a mistake in dating Transformers 3—they asked me on the phone—I said yes to July 1—but for 2012—whoops! Not 2011! That would mean I would have to start prep in September. No way. My brain needs a break from fighting robots.[10]
Screenwriters Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman, who had worked on the two previous Transformers
films, declined to return for the third film, with Kurtzman declaring
that "the franchise is so wonderful that it deserves to be fresh, all
the time. We just felt like we’d given it a lot and didn’t have an
insight for where to go with it next".[11] Revenge of the Fallen's co-writer Ehren Kruger became the sole screenwriter for Dark of the Moon. Kruger had frequent meetings with Industrial Light & Magic's (ILM) visual effects producers, who suggested plot points such as the scenes in Chernobyl.[12]
On October 1, 2009, Bay revealed that Transformers: Dark of the Moon
had already gone into pre-production, and its planned release was back
to its originally intended date of July 1, 2011, rather than 2012.[13] Due to the revived interest in 3-D technology brought in by the success of Avatar,[14] talks between Paramount, ILM, and Bay had considered the possibility of the next Transformers film being filmed in 3-D, and testing was performed to bring the technology into Bay's work.[15]
Bay originally was not much interested in the format as he felt it did
not fit his "aggressive style" of filmmaking, but he was convinced after
talks with Avatar director James Cameron,[16]
who even offered the technical crew from that film. Cameron reportedly
told Bay about 3-D, "You gotta look at it as a toy, it's another fun
tool to help get emotion and character and create an experience."[17]
Bay was reluctant to film with 3-D cameras since in test he found them
to be too cumbersome for his filming style, but he did not want to
implement the technology in post production either since he was not
pleased with the results.[18] In addition to using the 3-D Fusion camera rigs developed by Cameron's team,[17] Bay and the team spent nine months developing a more portable 3-D camera that could be brought into location.[16]
In a hidden extra for the Blu-ray version of Revenge of the Fallen, Bay expressed his intention to make Transformers 3 not necessarily larger than Revenge of the Fallen, but instead deeper into the mythology, to give it more character development, and to make it darker and more emotional. Unicron is briefly shown in a secret Transformers 3 preview feature in the Revenge of the Fallen
Blu-ray disc. Ultimately, the producers decided to forgo a plot
involving the planet-eating transformer, and no further comments were
ever made on the subject.[19] Having been called Transformers 3 up to that point, the film's final title was revealed to be Dark of the Moon in October 2010.[20] After Revenge of the Fallen was almost universally panned by critics, Bay acknowledged the general flaws of the script, having blamed the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike prior to the film for many problems. Bay promised to not have the "dorky comedy" from the last film.[21] On March 19, 2010, the script was said to be finished.[22]
Casting
Megan Fox was originally attached to the film, and Patrick Dempsey's role as Dylan Gould was to be the employer of Fox's character, Mikaela Banes.[23]
According to various published sources, Fox's absence from the film was
due to Bay ultimately choosing not to renew her role in light of her
comparing him and his work ethics to Adolf Hitler,[24][25] although representatives for the actress said that it was her decision to leave the film franchise.[26] Bay later revealed that Fox's comments particularly angered executive producer Steven Spielberg, which affected Bay's decision to remove her.[27]
"I wasn't hurt," Bay stated, "because I know that's just Megan. Megan
loves to get a response. And she does it in kind of the wrong way. I'm
sorry, Megan. I'm sorry I made you work twelve hours. I'm sorry that I'm
making you show up on time. Movies are not always warm and fuzzy."[27] With Fox not reprising her role, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley was chosen to play Sam's new love interest.[28] Ramón Rodríguez was initially planned to be in the film, in a role bigger than the one he had in Revenge of the Fallen, but he was dropped during early production.[29]
Shia LaBeouf stated that this would be his last film in the series,
also concluding that director Michael Bay will not return for a fourth
installment.[30] Though it was later confirmed that Bay would return as director in the fourth film.[7] A few well-known actors such as John Malkovich and Frances McDormand
also gained selected roles for the film. Malkovich explains: "I play a
guy called Bruce Brazos, who's just a loudmouth, kind of business man
who's Shia's character's boss. Who's just a jerk, and a kind of a loud
one. But a fun character. Nice. It was fun. Very, very enjoyable, just
with Shia, Rosie a little bit, and with John Turturro. So, for me, it
was a blast."[31] Another well-known actor, Ken Jeong,
was cast as an eccentric co-worker and stalker of the film's
protagonist. Jeong described the film, "Yeah, it's a small role in
Transformers but yeah. I had an out of body experience working on that
one because I just couldn't believe I was there. Still, that was not a
thing where oh, I'm going to be a part of a blockbuster franchise like Transformers 3 or even now Hangover 2
for that matter. So I can't believe I'm a part of these franchises in
any way. It was amazing. Michael Bay is brilliant and it'll blow your
mind."[32]
Themes and inspirations
Unlike the two previous Transformers installments, which were based solely on the script writers' endemic story, Transformers: Dark of the Moon was based on a novel called Transformers: Ghosts of Yesterday, written by Alan Dean Foster. The novel is a prequel to the 2007 film Transformers.[33] It follows the same story structure as Dark of the Moon, being set in 1969, the year of Apollo 11. The story structure differs slightly, though, because the novel was written merely as prequel to the first film.
Due to the critically panned Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Bay decided to remove the characters called the Twins entirely from Dark of the Moon:
"This one really builds to a final crescendo. It's not three multiple
endings. One thing we're getting rid of is what I call the dorky comedy.
[The twins are] basically gone."[34]
Due to fan rumors that the Twins would actually be in the film, the
director made a public $25,000 "bet" that the Twins would not be seen in
Dark of the Moon.[34]
Bay acknowledged that Revenge of the Fallen was "disappointing to the fans" and stated that he "doesn't want the third one to suck".[35] Bay stated that he wanted Dark of the Moon's final battle to be more geographic and feature a "small group of heroes" like Ridley Scott's war-drama Black Hawk Down.[35] Bay also decided to include Shockwave because he considers the character "bad" and "He's got a much bigger gun [than Megatron and is] a little bit more vicious."[35] In accordance to The A.V. Club, the film had several minor story inspirations from the 80's cartoon The Transformers, including the usage of a Space Bridge, and the "kicking the Autobots out".[36]
Similar to the previous two installments, the film was told in the
human point-of-view to engage the audience. Sam Witwicky's previous love
interest, played by Megan Fox, was fired due to her description of
director Bay's work ethics on the set of the franchise. Rosie
Huntington-Whiteley was chosen to play Sam's love interest in the third
installment instead. Bay wanted Sam to have a girlfriend like in the
first two films. Actor Shia LaBeouf stated that the additions of
Huntington-Whiteley and new characters allows Dark of the Moon to keep the "magic" of the first film.[37]
Dark of the Moon also had numerous Star Trek references, partly because scriptwriter Ehren Kruger was a "big Star Trek geek"[38], but also as a nod to the fact that new character Sentinel Prime was voiced by Leonard Nimoy, who originated the iconic role of Spock on Star Trek and voiced Galvatron in The Transformers: The Movie. The first Star Trek reference is when refugee robots Brains and Wheelie, who live in Sam and Carly's apartment complex, are watching TOS episode "Amok Time"; Wheelie comments "I've seen this one. It's the one where Spock goes nuts."[38]
The second reference is when Sam meets his girlfriend, Carly Spencer at
work, and is being introduced to Carly's employer, Dylan Gould, Sam
marvels at their workplace: "It's a beautiful building you guys have.
Like the Starship Enterprise in here."[38] The third reference is when Bumblebee says goodbye to Sam at Cape Canaveral: the words "my friend" are sampled from Spock in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan ("You are...my friend. I am and always shall be yours.").[38] The fourth and final reference is when Sentinel Prime activates the Control Pillar, quoting Spock's maxim in Star Trek II and Star Trek III: The Search For Spock, "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few".[38]
Filming
Transformers: Dark of the Moon's production cost was reported $195 million, with the cost of the 3-D filming accounting at $30 million of the budget.[5] Preparation for filming began on April 7, 2010 in Northwest Indiana, specifically around Gary, which portrayed Ukraine in the film.[39][40] Principal photography commenced on May 18, 2010, with shooting locations including Chicago, Florida, and Moscow.[41][42] The first six weeks were spent in Los Angeles: locations included Sherman Oaks, Fourth Avenue and 5. Main. The next four weeks were spent in Chicago. Locations filmed in Chicago included LaSalle Street, Michigan Avenue, Bacino's of Lincoln Park at 2204 North Lincoln Avenue and around the Willis Tower.[43] The scenes set in Michigan Ave featured a substantial amount of pyrotechnics and stunt work.[44] Filming in Detroit was planned to take place in August but the Chicago shoot was extended until September 1.[45] In late September the production moved to Florida, just before the launch of Space Shuttle mission STS-133.[46]
While filming in Washington, D.C., the crew shot on the National Mall, and Bay stated that there would be a car race on the location. Two further locations announced were the Milwaukee Art Museum and the former Tower Automotive complex on Milwaukee's
north side, then under redevelopment for mixed use as well as the
city's equipment yard. Filming was scheduled to take place there after
work was done in Chicago.[47] On September 23, scenes were filmed at the former city hall in Detroit. On October 16, a scene in the later 1960s was shot at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, utilizing extras with period fashion and hairstyles.[48] One day of shooting was also spent at the Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia.[49] Other planned filming locations included Africa and China.[50] Though about 70 percent of the films live action footage was shot in 3-D[51] using Arri Alexa and Sony F35 cameras,[52] more than half of the film still had to be converted into 3-D in post production to fix technical flaws 3-D filming produces.[53] Other footage that needed to be converted into 3-D in post production was either entirely computer generated or shot in the anamorphic format on 35mm film.[51] 35mm film was used for scenes filmed in slow motion and scenes such as closeups of faces or shots of the sky which required higher image quality than the HD digital 3-D cameras could provide.[51] 35mm cameras were also used for scenes where the 3-D cameras proved to be too heavy, or were subject to strobing or electrical damage from dust.[51] Principal photography officially concluded on November 9, 2010.[54]
Dark of the Moon has been found to contain recycled footage from an earlier film directed by Michael Bay, The Island.[55] Bay similarly recycled footage from his film Pearl Harbor in the 2007 film Transformers.
Accidents
Filming was temporarily delayed on September 2, 2010, when an extra was seriously injured during a stunt in Hammond, Indiana.
Due to a failed weld, a steel cable snapped from a car being towed and
hit the extra's car, damaging her skull. The extra, identified as
Gabriela Cedillo, had to undergo brain surgery.[57] The injury has left her permanently brain-damaged, paralyzed on her left side and her left eye stitched shut.[58][59] Paramount admitted responsibility for the accident and covered all of Cedillo's medical costs.[60]
Nevertheless, Cedillo's family filed a lawsuit on October 5, citing
seven counts of negligence against Paramount, D.W. Studios, and several
other defendants (not including Bay), with total damages sought in
excess of $350,000.[61]
Cedillo's attorney, Todd Smith, said, "This was an attractive 24-year
old girl who had dreams and aspirations involving acting, and this kind
of injury may well have a serious impact on her dreams."[62]
The filed complaint reads that "Cedillo has endured and will in the
future endure pain and suffering; has become disfigured and disabled;
has suffered a loss of the enjoyment of a normal life; has been damaged
in her capacity to earn a living; has incurred and will in the future
incur expenses for medical services, all of which are permanent in
nature."[62]
In response to the suit, Paramount released the following statement:
"We are all terribly sorry that this accident occurred. Our thoughts,
prayers and best wishes are with Gabriela, her family and loved ones.
The production will continue to provide all the help we can to Gabriela
and her family during this difficult time."[62]
A second accident occurred on October 11, 2010, in Washington, D.C..
While filming a chase scene at 3rd Street and Maryland Avenue, SW, a
Metropolitan Police K9 Unit SUV was accidentally rammed by the Camaro
that portrays Bumblebee in the film. The area had been closed off by the
Washington, D.C., police, and it is unclear why the SUV was there. Both
drivers were uninjured,[63] but the Camaro was severely damaged.[64]
Effects
As with the previous Transformers installments, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) was the main visual effects company for Dark of the Moon.
ILM had been working on the pre-visualization for six months before
principal photography started, resulting in 20 minutes worth of footage.[65] Digital Domain
also rendered 350 shots, including the characters Laserbeak, Brains,
Wheelie and the Decepticon protoforms concealed on the moon, the space
bridge, and a skydiving sequence.
ILM's visual effects supervisor, Scott Farrar, said that "not only were
the film's effects ambitious, they also had to be designed for 3-D", and
explained the company's solutions for the new perspective: "We did make
sure things are as bright as possible; Michael called up theatre owners
to make sure they keep the lamps bright in the theatres... make
everything a little sharper, because we know that through the steps, no
matter what, when you get to the final screening things tend to go less
sharp."[68] On the last weekend of ILM's work on Dark of the Moon, the company's entire render farm
was being used for the film, giving ILM more than 200,000 hours of
rendering power a day—or equivalent to 22.8 years of rendering time in a
24-hour period.[12]
Farrar embraced the detail in creating giant robots for 3-D, making
sure that in close-ups of the Transformers' faces "you see all the
details in the nooks and crannies of these pieces. It's totally unlike a
plain surface subject like a human head or an animated head." The
supervisor said that Bay's style of cinematography helped integrate the
robots into the scenes, as "Michael is keen on having
foreground/midground/background depth in his shots, even in normal
live-action shots. He'll say, ’Put some stuff hanging here!' It could be
women's stockings or forks and knives dangling from a string out of
focus – it
doesn't matter, but it gives you depth, and focus depth, and
makes it more interesting."
The most complicated effects involved the "Driller", a giant snake-like
creature with an eel-like body and spinning rotator blades, knives and
teeth. In Revenge of the Fallen, it took 72 hours per frame to fully render
Devastator for the IMAX format, which is approximately a frame amount
of 4,000. For the Driller, which required the entire render farm, it was
up to 122 hours per frame.[65] The most complex scene involved the Driller destroying a computer-generated skyscraper, which took 288 hours per frame.[68]
For said sequence, ILM relied on its internal proprietary physics
simulation engine to depict the destruction of the building, which
included breaking concrete floors and walls, windows, columns and pieces
of office furnishings. ILM digital production supervisor Nigel Sumner
explained: "We did a lot of tests early on to figure out how to break
the building apart exploring a lot of the procedural options. A building
that's 70 feet tall – to go in and hand-score the geometry so when it
fractures or falls apart – would be a time consuming laborious process.
The floor of a building may be made of concrete. How does concrete
fracture when it tears apart? The pillars would be made of a similar
material but made of rebar or other engineering components. We'd look at
how a building would blow apart and then choose the best tool to help
achieve the properties of that during a simulation."
The scenes in Chicago were mostly shot on location, as Bay believed
the plates had to really be shot in the actual city. Farrar was always
fascinated with the idea of shooting on location, and then blending the
film with computer-generated imagery. The visual effects team used
aerial plates of the city's actual buildings and added destruction
elements such as smoke, fire, debris, fighter planes, war, battles, and
torn up streets.[69]
Four ILM employees also travelled to Chicago and photographed buildings
from top to bottom at six different times of the day in order to create
a digital model of the city to be used in certain scenes.[12] ILM's crew designed many major action scenes,[12] with many of the Chicago battle concepts coming from the helicopter shooting of the aerial plates.[65]
Animator Scott Benza said Sentinel Prime had a face "more human-like
than any of the other robots", having a more complex frame and "a
greater number of plates" so it could be more expressive.[12] ILM had based most of Sentinel Prime's features on Sean Connery,
and after Leonard Nimoy was cast to voice the role, the effects were
altered to incorporate Nimoy's acting as well. Every robot would take
approximately 30 weeks to build visually. Originally, the fight between
Sentinel Prime, Optimus Prime, and Megatron was considered to be on
water in the Chicago River,
but the budget was cut and the ILM realized that they would not want to
present that version of the final battle to Bay, so they decided to
have the battle take place on the bridge over the river.[65]
For a sequence where Bumblebee catches Sam and Lennox while
transforming in mid-air, a digital double of Shia LaBeouf was combined
with footage of the actor in high speed so that the effects team could
time it for slow-motion.[69]
Since Bay shoots all his films in anamorphic format, Dark of the Moon's representation would be "squeezed in" to distort the image, and ILM would add in the robots and "un-distort" the image.[65] The ample variety of filming formats used - single camera, 3-D stereo rigs with two cameras, anamorphic and spherical lenses
- proved a challenge, specially as ILM had a deadline to deliver the
2-D plates to the companies responsible for the 3-D conversion.[12] ILM made 600 3-D shots, and Digital Domain had under 200,[65]
while Legend3-D, the lead 3-D conversion company of the film, completed
78 minutes of work on the film and finalized the work of approximately
40 minutes of challenging non-visual effects and 38 minutes of visual
effects shots.[70]
Music
Composer Steve Jablonsky, who had before collaborated with Bay on The Island and the first two Transformers films, returned to compose the Dark of the Moon score. The score soundtrack was released on June 24, 2011, five days before the actual release of the film.
The album was originally set for release in June 28, 2011, but Amazon.com
listed the album as unavailable while the album was still being listed
for release during the week of the film's global release.[73] It was available for download on Amazon on June 30, 2011,[73]
and the score currently features 17 pre-recorded tracks that are
featured in the final film. The score's length is approximately 59:47.[74]
The album for the film was released on June 14, 2011. It consists of
singles produced by different artists and bands, and rock and
alternative tracks. American rock band Linkin Park composed the lead single for the film, "Iridescent", as they did with the first two films: "What I've Done" was used in the 2007 film and "New Divide" for the 2009 film. The music video for "Iridescent" was directed by Joe Hahn.[75] Two other singles were released specifically for the soundtrack, "Monster" by Paramore[76] and "All That You Are" by the Goo Goo Dolls. Several other unreleased songs make their debut on the album, including "The Pessimist" by Stone Sour and "The Bottom" by Staind. My Chemical Romance's song "The Only Hope for Me Is You" also appeared and can also be found on their fourth studio album Danger Days: The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys and on the soundtrack. The song was not exclusively for the movie, and was featured in the credits.
Marketing
Most of the characters returned for Hasbro's new toyline, which was released on May 16, 2011.[78] In October 2010, Entertainment Tonight previewed the behind-the-scenes filming in Chicago.[79][80] A two-minute teaser trailer was announced on November 27,[81] and was posted to the Internet on December 9, 2010.[82] A 30 second television advertisement for the film aired during Super Bowl XLV on Fox on February 6, 2011.[83] The first full theatrical trailer was released on April 28, 2011.[84] A 3-D trailer was released on May 20, 2011 with the release of Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 3-D, which would complete the promotional campaign for Dark of the Moon.[85] The very first clip was released on May 18.[86] A second clip was released the next day on May 19.[87] The promotional costs brought the cost of producing and marketing the film to a total of $270 million.[85][88]
Novelizations
Main article: Transformers: Dark of the Moon The Junior Novel
In May 2011, the novelization, junior novel, and graphic novel of Transformers: Dark of the Moon
were released. Both the novel and the graphic novel featured Skids and
Mudflap as supporting characters, but the characters were missing from
the junior novel. The graphic novel made reference to several Autobots
from the IDW Publishing tie-in comics who died in the stories between Revenge of the Fallen and Dark of the Moon.[89] Another novel, written by Peter David,
was published on May 24, 2011, and was released on only paperback.
Though it is slightly different from the film, the novel still pertains
to the topic and synopsis of the film it is based on in the outcome of
the final battle. The novel features about 400 pages and is published by
Del Ray Books. Its synopsis is:
All humankind was watching that day in 1969. And yet only a handful knew the real mission behind America’s triumph in the space race: to explore the alien ship that has crashed on the far side of the moon. Decades later, scientists are still struggling to understand the technology found on board—though with the treacherous Decepticons after it, a powerful force must be at stake. The only hope of averting a crisis is to reawaken Sentinel Prime, the long-lost leader of the Autobots—but who knows what else remains in the shadows, hidden from man and machine?—[90]
Video game
Main article: Transformers: Dark of the Moon (video game)
On June 14, 2011, Activision published a video game based on Dark of the Moon for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS. The versions for Nintendo's consoles were developed by Behaviour Interactive,[91] while the versions for the rest of the consoles were developed by High Moon Studios, who had previously developed Transformers: War for Cybertron. Electronic Arts released the game Transformers: Dark of the Moon on June 28, 2011 for Nokia Symbian smartphones, Apple products iPod Touch, iPhones, and iPad[92][93] and Research In Motion's BlackBerry devices.[94]
Release
Transformers: Dark of the Moon first premiered at the Moscow International Film Festival on June 23, 2011. Linkin Park performed a special outdoor concert in Red Square in Moscow on the same night in celebration of the event.[1] Initially scheduled to be released on July 1, 2011, the release was brought forward to June 29, 2011.[3] It was announced in November 2010 that unlike Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, no scenes in the film were shot with IMAX cameras.[95]
Critical reception
The film has received mixed to negative reviews from film critics. While many of them believed it was an improvement over Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
and were also praising the film's visual effects and 3-D action
sequences, criticism fell over the long running time, the below average
acting, and the script. Several critics also felt that Dark of the Moon still did not live up to the first Transformers movie. Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave Transformers: Dark of the Moon
a score of 35% based on 232 reviews and a rating average of 4.9/10,
saying, "Its special effects and 3-D shots are undeniably impressive,
but they aren't enough to fill up its loud, bloated running time, or
mask its thin, indifferent script."[96] Metacritic, another review aggregator, gave the film a Metascore of 42/100, indicating "mixed or average reviews" from 37 critics.[97]
Roger Ebert
gave the film one out of four stars, calling it "a visually ugly film
with an incoherent plot, wooden characters and inane dialog. It provided
me with one of the more unpleasant experiences I've had at the movies."[98] Richard Roeper
likewise panned the film, giving it a D and saying that "rarely has a
movie had less of a soul and less interesting characters."[99]
Several critics were highly critical of the ineffectiveness of the film's two young stars. Peter Travers stated the two "couldn't be duller."[100] The Philadelphia Inquirer
stated that Shia LaBeouf "plays Witwicky as if he had a ferocious case
of attention deficit disorder. After two films, his fidgeting isn't cute
anymore."[101] James Berardinelli said that LaBeouf "has sunk to greater levels of incompetence here. It's hard to call his posturing and screaming 'acting'."[102] Much of the criticism towards Rosie Huntington-Whiteley compared her in an unfavorable light to Megan Fox. Lou Lumenick said that her "'acting' makes...Megan Fox look like Meryl Streep in comparison."[103] Baz Bamigboye gave his review of the film the title 'Come back Megan Fox, all is forgiven...'.
In a more positive review, Ain't It Cool News called the film "the best entry in the Michael Bay-directed franchise."[106] IGN gave the film a score of seven out of ten, also stating that it was the best of the franchise.[107] E! Online
graded the film a B+ while noting if this the film is truly the end of a
trilogy, its main antagonists should have played more of a part.[108]
Website Daily Bhaskar also praised the film, rating it three and a half
out of five stars, citing it as an improvement to the previous film and
how it "gives fans something to cheer about".[109] CinemaScore polls reported that the average grade moviegoers gave the film an A on an A plus to F scale.[110]
The film had many positive reviews, from critics and the audiences
alike, for its special effects and aggressive use of 3-D, leading some
to call it the best 3-D experience since Cameron's Avatar.[111] Neil Schneider of Meant to be Seen, a website focused on stereoscopic 3-D gaming and entertainment, remarked that "while Transformers: Dark of the Moon had the scrapings of a really good story, this 3-D movie was shot with a 2-D script." On the topic of 3-D, Schneider said "Transformers 3
was a mix of native stereoscopic 3-D camera capturing and 2-D/3-D
conversion (as a 3-D tool), and most was done very well." He added, "At a
minimum, Transformers 3 demonstrates that fast cutting sequences
are indeed possible and practical in stereoscopic 3-D. More than that,
it was a comfortable experience and helped exemplify great use of
stereoscopic 3-D with live action and digital characters. That said, I
think they still could have taken it much further."[112]
Charlie Jane Anders of io9
believed that some elements of the film were deliberate self-references
to Michael Bay's own sense of under-appreciation after the backlash to
the second film: "After a few hours of seeing Shia get dissed,
overlooked and mistreated, the message becomes clear: Shia, as always,
is a stand-in for Michael Bay. And Bay is showing us just what it felt
like to deal with the ocean of Haterade—the snarking, the Razzie Award, the mean reviews—that Revenge of the Fallen
unleashed." She went on to say that the film's frequent, often jarring
shifts in tone were an intentional endorsement of Michael Bay's own
filmmaking style. "Tone is for single-purpose machines. Consistency is
for Decepticons. Michael Bay's ideal movie shifts from action movie to
teen comedy to political drama with the same well-lubricated ease that
his cars become men. By the time you've finished watching, you will
speak Michael Bay's cinematic language."[113]
Box office
Worldwide
Transformers: Dark of the Moon grossed $352,390,543 in North America, and $771,356,453 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1,123,746,996. It is the highest-grossing film of the franchise, and the tenth film to earn $1 billion.[114] It is also the second highest-grossing film of 2011 worldwide, behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, the fourth highest-grossing film of all time worldwide and the highest-grossing film of Paramount/Dreamworks.[115][116] On its first weekend worldwide, the film made $382.4 million, marking the third-largest opening of all time, behind that of Deathly Hallows – Part 2 and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ($394.0 million), and the largest for Paramount/Dreamworks.[117] It has made the second-largest worldwide debut at IMAX venues, with $23.1 million, behind the 23.2 million debut of Deathly Hallows – Part 2.[118] It reached $400M (6 days), $500M (9 days), $600M (12 days) and $700M (16 days) in record time, but lost all records to Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2.[119]
North America
Transformers: Dark of the Moon opened in 4,088 theaters
including a then-record total of 2,789 3-D locations. From its early
Tuesday screenings (9:00 p.m. showings), Dark of the Moon brought in $5.5 million. It also earned $8 million in midnight showings, lower than Revenge of the Fallen's $16 million.[120] On its opening day (Wednesday), Dark of the Moon grossed $37.7 million (including Tuesday showings), the sixth-best Wednesday opening day of all time,[121] although still lower than Revenge of the Fallen ($62 million on its opening day).[122] On Thursday, Dark of the Moon
earned $21.5 million, falling 43%, an improvement from its predecessors
Wednesday-to-Thursday decline, and also marking the fifth-largest
non-opening Thursday of all time,[123] as well as the tenth-largest Thursday gross of all time.[124] Transformers: Dark of the Moon grossed $33.0 million on Friday totaling $97.8 million, while Revenge of the Fallen had earned $127.8 million by its first Friday. Dark of the Moon's
3-D share accounted for 60% of its gross, which was atypical due to the
downturn in 3-D attendance in North America. For its three-day opening
weekend, the film grossed $97.9 million,[125] marking the third-largest opening weekend of 2011,[126] the largest Independence day weekend, out-grossing Spider-Man 2 ($88.2 million),[127] and the third-largest opening weekend in July.[128] It also scored the fifth-largest opening weekend for a film not released on a Friday[129] and the second-largest five-day gross for a film opening on Wednesday.[116] It broke the Independence Day holiday reocrd with $115.9 million, surpassing Spider-Man 2's $115.8 million previous record. Dark of the Moon held on to the number one spot for its second weekend, dropping 52% to $47.1 million.[130]
Oustide North America
The film grossed $32.5 million on its opening day, pacing 38 percent
ahead of its predecessor. Including some early Tuesday previews, Dark of the Moon earned $36.6 million in one-and-a-half days,[131] and by Thursday its overseas total reached $66 million.[132]
By the end of the film's first weekend, it had earned $219.8 million,
which stands as the fifth-largest opening weekend of all time overseas
and the largest for Paramount/Dreamworks.[133] Dark of the Moon's foreign launch was 57 percent ahead of that of Revenge of the Fallen ($139.6 million). 70% of the grosses came from 3-D (a higher 3-D share than Pirates 4's 66%).[134] Don Harris, general manager of distribution for Paramount, commented on the results of Dark of the Moon: "If we hadn't chosen to debut the movie later in Japan and China, we probably would have had the all-time record."[135] On its second weekend overseas, the film's gross fell to $94.7 million, though still at first place at the box office.[136]
In China, its highest-grossing market after North America, the film
achieved an all-time opening-day ($15.9 million), single-day ($17.4
million) and opening-weekend record, earning $46.8 million ($62.7
million including Thursday previews)[137] and beating Avatar's previous record ($42.0 million).[138]
It ended its run with a total of $167.95 million, marking the
highest-grossing film in China during 2011. It is also the second
highest-grossing film of all time in China behind Avatar.[139] Besides China, it broke the opening-day record in Russia and South Korea;[131] the single-day record in Hong Kong;[140] and the opening weekend record in South Korea,[141] Hong Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, the UAE and Peru.[134][142][143] Following China in total earnings were South Korea ($69.1 million) and Japan ($54.2 million).[144]
Accolades
| Award | Category | Winner/Nominee | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 Teen Choice Awards | Choice Summer Movie | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | [145] |
| Choice Summer Movie Actor | Shia LaBeouf | Nominated | ||
| Choice Summer Movie Actress | Rosie Huntington-Whiteley | Nominated | ||
| 2011 Scream Awards | Best Science Fiction Movie | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | [146] |
| Best Cameo | Buzz Aldrin | Nominated | ||
| Holy Sh*t Scene of the Year (Escape From Collapsing Building) | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | ||
| Best 3-D Movie | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Won | ||
| Best F/X | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | ||
| 2012 People's Choice Awards | ||||
| Favorite Movie | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | [147] | |
| Favorite Action Movie | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | ||
| Favorite Action Movie Star | Shia LaBeouf | Nominated | ||
| 2011 Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards | Obviously Worst Film | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Won | [148] |
| 2011 Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | Sequel or Remake That Shouldn’t Have Been Made | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | [149] |
| 2012 Annie Awards | ||||
| Animated Effects in a Live Action Production | Florent Andarra | Won | ||
| 2012 Golden Reel Awards | Music in a Feature Film | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | [150] |
| Sound Effects and Foley in a Feature Film | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | ||
| 2012 Screen Actors Guild Awards | ||||
| Outstanding Performance By a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Nominated | ||
| 2012 Academy Awards | ||||
| Best Visual Effects | Scott Farrar, Scott Benza, Matthew Butler and John Frazier | Nominated | [151] | |
| Best Sound Mixing | Greg P. Russell, Gary Summers, Jeffrey J. Haboush and Peter J. Devlin | Nominated | ||
| Best Sound Editing | Ethan Van der Ryn and Erik Aadahl | Nominated | ||
| 2012 Golden Raspberry Awards | ||||
| Worst Picture | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Pending | [152] | |
| Worst Director | Michael Bay | Pending | ||
| Worst Supporting Actor | Patrick Dempsey | Pending | ||
| Worst Supporting Actor | Ken Jeong | Pending | ||
| Worst Supporting Actress | Rosie Huntington-Whitely | Pending | ||
| Worst Screenplay | Ehren Kruger | Pending | ||
| Worst Screen Couple | Shia LaBeouf and Rosie Huntington-Whitely | Pending | ||
| Worst Screen Ensemble | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Pending | ||
| 2012 Saturn Awards | ||||
| Best Special Effects | Scott Benza, John Frazier, Matthew Butler, and Scott Farar | Pending | [153] | |
| 2012 Empire Awards | ||||
| The Art of 3D Preseted by RealD | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Pending |
Home media
During Hasbro Investor Day, it was announced that the DVD and Blu-ray disc would be released in the fourth quarter of 2011.[154] The NTSC home release for the film was released on September 30, 2011,[155] with a Blu-ray 3D version of the film slated for release in "the coming months".[156][157] However, the first home release was criticized for the lack of bonus features.[158]
A Walmart exclusive edition of Transformers: Dark of the Moon also was released on September 30, 2011.[159] The PAL DVD and Blu-ray Discs of Transformers: Dark of the Moon was released on 28 November 2011.[160]
In North America, it sold 716,218 DVD units (equivalent of $13,565,169) in its first week, topping the weekly DVD chart.[161] As of October 23, 2011, it has sold 1,646,199 DVD units (equivalent of $29,562,940).[162]
It also topped the Blu-ray charts on the same week and it has sold
2,381,657 Blu-ray units (earning $50,934,911) by October 23, 2011.[163] The Blu-ray 3D release of the film was released on January 31, 2012.[164]
Sequel
In February 2012, it was confirmed that Michael Bay will direct a
fourth installment in the series and it is scheduled for a theatrical
release on June 29, 2014.
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